Microwave irradiated and thermally heated olive stone activated carbon for nickel adsorption from synthetic wastewater: A comparative study

In attempt to compare the removal efficiency and yield of the activated carbon prepared using the conventional and microwave‐assisted heating is the focus of this work. Toward this olive stone (a biomass precursor) is activated using the popular activating agent potassium hydroxide. The process optimization exercise is carried out by using the standard full factorial statistical design of experiments (response surface methodology). The activated carbons prepared under the optimized conditions are compared based on the adsorption capacity and yield. The adsorption capacity was found higher using microwave heating as compared with conventional heating. The microwave heating requires significantly lesser holding time as compared to conventional heating method to produce activated carbon of comparable quality, with higher yield. The BET surface area of carbon using microwave heating is significantly higher than the conventional heating. Although the mesopore surface area of carbon is not vary significantly, the activation time, power, and nitrogen gas consumption are significantly lower than the conventional heating rendering that the activation process via microwave is more economical than that via conventional heating. The adsorption isotherm data fitted the Langmuir isotherm well and the monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 12.0 and 8.42 mg/g for microwave and thermally heated activated carbon, respectively. Regeneration studies showed that microwave‐irradiated and thermally heated olive stone could be used several times by desorption with an HCl reagent. Both carbons can be used for the efficient removal of Ni²⁺ (>99%) from contaminated wastewater. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 237–250, 2014     

吸附制冷用混合吸附剂导热性能的研究

用水溶液挤压法制备了24个CaCl2/ENG成型混合吸附剂样品,利用目前闪光扩散法测量导热系数最先进的仪器——LFA447激光导热仪对样品进行了导热系数的测试。研究表明:挤压法制备的样品垂直于压力方向上的导热系数高于平行于压力方向上的,大约是其1.1~1.2倍,具有各向异性;在一定范围内,随着固化密度的增加导热系数不断增加,随着氯化钙和膨胀石墨质量比的减小导热系数也不断增大;在氯化钙和ENG的质量比为2∶1,固化密度从600kg/m3增加到700kg/m3的过程中导热系数增加得最为明显,固化密度和膨胀石墨的含量对成型吸附剂样品的导热系数的影响有耦合作用。     

空气预热器漏风率变化对锅炉效率的修正计算

通过建立空气预热器漏风物理模型并对其进行合理简化,采用热平衡方程对空气预热器运行中漏风换热机理进行分析,推导出空气预热器漏风率偏离基准值对排烟温度和过量空气系数的修正计算公式,并提出采用微分偏差分析法进行漏风率变化对锅炉效率的修正计算。最后,以某电厂一台1 025t/h锅炉进行两个不同试验工况下锅炉效率的修正计算,结果表明,锅炉效率随着空气预热器漏风率的增大而增大,当分析空气预热器漏风率变化对锅炉效率的影响和锅炉效率的修正计算时,必须考虑漏风率变化对排烟温度的影响,才能得到锅炉真实的排烟温度和准确反映出空气预热器漏风率对锅炉运行经济性的影响。     

“烟塔合一”内衬防腐技术的研究

结合采用“烟塔合一”排放技术的火力发电厂烟气腐蚀介质及腐蚀环境特点,对混凝土材质冷却塔内衬防腐蚀技术进行了比较,介绍了防腐蚀衬里或涂层对新钢筋混凝土设备基体表面的要求及对原有钢筋混凝土设备的影响,提出了冷却塔内防腐蚀方案为：采用厚膜型鳞片涂料,衬层厚度设计为1.2mm。     

马来酸单聚乙二醇单甲醚酯的合成及应用

采用无溶剂法合成了马来酸单聚乙二醇单甲醚酯,并对其合成工艺进行了探讨。实验以原料醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、反应温度和反应时间为5因素,设计成5因素4水平的正交实验,由实验确定出组分质量分数和最佳酯化反应条件：醇酸物质的量比1.0∶1、催化剂质量分数5%、阻聚剂质量分数3%、反应温度120℃,反应时间为5 h,最佳酯化条件下酯化率达到95.25%。进一步由大单体与丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、烯丙基苯磺酸钠共聚制备出水煤浆分散剂,由大同煤制浆,在分散剂质量分数为1.0%,干粉煤质量分数为65%时,水煤浆粘度为1550mPa·s-1,静置90min后,粘度为2100mPa·s-1。     

乌尊硝钾盐矿卤水自然蒸发实验研究

本实验通过对乌尊硝钾盐矿卤水进行自然蒸发实验,确定盐类结晶析出顺序和钾矿物的最佳分离点,取得卤水到达钾饱和点时KCl的含量以及不同阶段分离时光卤石中KCl含量等基础数据,对提高乌尊硝钾盐矿的盐田收率以及成矿品味提供依据。     

油砂沥青质分离纯化及其热裂解研究

为更好地开采并利用油砂,以新疆某油田油砂沥青质为研究对象,在分离纯化后进行热裂解实验研究,探寻油砂沥青质的转化规律。实验结果表明,超声震荡可以快速将沥青质包裹组分释放出来,缩短沥青质的分离纯化时间;沥青质中3种重要物质生烃、生气、生焦含量变化与温度和时间的关系非常密切;沥青质裂解具有明显的一级反应动力学特征,随着温度的升高,时间逐渐缩短,而其表观速率常数总体呈增加的趋势。     

二茂铁苯甲酸基配合物的研究进展

回顾了近年来二茂铁苯甲酸基配合物的研究进展。按照邻二茂铁苯甲酸、间二茂铁苯甲酸和对二茂铁苯甲酸配合物进行分类,简单介绍了它们的结构特点以及特殊性能等。     

火区综合治理技术研究与应用

改扩建矿井在建设期间,经常要用到矿井部分老巷道,这些老巷道顶帮普遍存在高冒区和破碎煤体松动裂隙区,容易引发火灾。针对这一问题,通过对金地煤业13号煤层火区治理的实践,获得了高冒区和破碎煤体松动裂隙区煤体的氧化、自燃及发生和发展规律,积累了大量火区治理技术和火区管理方面的经验,对其他矿区的火灾治理具有重要的借鉴意义。